Are states the only relevant conceptual actors in world politics Free Essays

Presentation: Theoretical Polarity Conceptualizing the contemporary elements of world governmental issues based on a hypothetical meso †level examination, the importance of state versus other non-state on-screen characters in the worldwide political field can be seen in numerous manners. Advancing a profoundly state-driven vision of global relations, old style pragmatist scholastics would infer that cutting edge, advertise arranged and intrigue driven country states are surely the main significant entertainers in world legislative issues. On the opposite side of the hypothetical range in any case, the liberal way of thinking would restrict that the pragmatist â€Å"neglect of entertainer variety and diversity† renders a deficient and mistaken impression of the exact reality (Mansbach and Vasquez, 1981:26), underwriting rather a helpful model of global and transnational channels of cooperation among state and non-state on-screen characters. We will compose a custom paper test on Are states the main applicable reasonable entertainers in world legislative issues? or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now The response to the subject of whether states can be seen as the main pertinent on-screen characters in world governmental issues, or whether an increasingly comprehensive confining of the contemporary universal frameworks is important to precisely think about the entertainers and elements of the worldwide political field, in this manner relies upon the hypothetical point of view received. As referenced, in view of a theoretical meso †level examination showing the gathering †association level that falls between the miniaturized scale and full scale explanatory levels and which incorporates the development of advanced states, this paper will concentrate on the dispute between the two fundamental ideological methodologies, Realism and Liberalism, featuring key parts of the customary points of view and their calculated extremity on the issue of significant entertainers in global relations. Underscoring the omnipresent increment in numbers and significance of non-state entertainers connecting with and impacting world legislative issues, the article will finish up by organizing the Liberal ways to deal with state activism, as progressively intelligent of the contemporary force relations and complex exchanges at play on the worldwide level. Authenticity, Liberalism and State Relevance As referenced, the two customary methodologies in universal relations are Realism/neo-Realism and Liberalism/neo-Liberalism. Having created along inverse sides of the hypothetical range, because of their ontological and epistemological contrasts and differences on the suitability of deductive versus inductive technique in political theory (Landman, 2008:17), both Realism and Liberalism offer veering sees on the exact truth of global governmental issues. To understand this majority, Lim (2006) analyzes the customs to â€Å"looking through changed sunglasses†, whereby â€Å"different focal points permit us to concentrate on various parts of the equivalent bigger reality† (2006:68). Despite the fact that the two points of view have now found a way to recognize the shortcomings of their conventions by coordinating perspectives from different territories, as showed for instance in Waltz’s neo-pragmatist ‘Theory of International Relations’ (1979) or Keohan e and Nye’s neo-liberal ‘Power and Interdependence’ (1977), the difficult pretty much suffers as scholastics endure that their ‘lenses’ and ‘realities’ are progressively suitable, intelligent and solid (Lim, 2006:67). Maintaining that the worldwide political framework can be seen based on between state relations, pragmatist scholastics advance a state-driven rebel world view. As Hans Morgenthau explains in his book ‘Politics among Nations’ (1948), Realism depends on the suspicions of judiciousness, national sway and interests, and quest for power. Characterized against and contrary to Idealism, Realism depicts the universal framework as a field of â€Å"anarchy† and â€Å"extreme disparity of nations† (Morgenthau, 1948:8), whereby a perceived leverage and relative harmony are just accomplished through nonstop state battle for force and obtaining of military quality against each other. Imagined as objective sovereign intrigue maximizers, working on a determined money saving advantage premise, states are principally worried about security issues, seeking after their national military premiums to shield influence and command over their region. In augmentation consequently, as states are the main units that have the ability to procure and practice power, they are considered as the main important applied entertainers in world legislative issues (Geeraerts, 1995). Universal establishments are then seen as negligible instruments, copying authoritative force legislative issues abroad (Cox, 1981). In any case, with the ongoing huge scope moves in power relations, decentralization and â€Å"transit to another force equilibrium† caused transcendently by globalization and transnationalization procedures of the 21st century (Cederman, 1997:4), liberal and neo-liberal pundits have restricted the above featured view, battling that a tight state-driven view is not, at this point substantial and can't represent the mind boggling, interconnected and multi-faceted nature of worldwide administration. Advancing a progressively idealistic delineation of the global framework, the liberal school invalidates pragmatist hypothesis as underwriting the Cold war the state of affairs and legitimizing corrupt conduct. Underscoring rather the basic changes in the structure of the universal framework, from the flood of non-administrative associations crusading on a scope of social, natural and social issues other than security, to the acknowledgment of state-less countries as critical on-scree n characters in world legislative issues, liberal scholastics recommend that customary country states are capitulating to alleged ‘hollowing out’ forms, as the post-Westphalian level of influence scatters over different layers and scatters among scope of variegated entertainers. The state henceforth loses its authoritative situation as the fundamental on-screen character in world legislative issues taking part in, now and again helpful, now and again coercive, strategic maneuver with different non-state entertainers and powers, going from common society gatherings and non-administrative associations to private market on-screen characters (Geeraerts, 1995). This anyway isn't to state that under Liberalism, states are not, at this point applicable entertainers in world governmental issues. Rather, what results is a novel political model of â€Å"complex interdependence† (Keohane and Nye, 1977:24), whereby the â€Å"new world covers and lays on the customary world† in which force is shared between geologically subordinate state on-screen characters and liquid non-administrative entertainers with equivalent importance (Keohane and Nye, 1998:82). End Strengthened by verifiable proof from current universal issues, where state power is consistently tested by local gatherings and activists from base up, just as top-somewhere around worldwide administration bodies, this exposition sides with the last liberal view, recommending that the 21st Century elements of word governmental issues give space and chances to an assortment of entertainers other than states. While the quantity of politically-connected with non-legislative and network based association has developed quickly in the previous decade, transnational occasions and developments, for example, the counter globalization fights of the 1970s or the purported ‘Arab Spring’, have had critical effect on affecting the strategy procedure and bringing issues to light of worldwide issues. Allowing restricted consideration regarding the decent variety of non-state entertainers and automatic financial procedures, the pragmatist hypothesis along these lines demonstrates off ba se in keeping up that states are the main pertinent calculated on-screen characters in world governmental issues. Book reference 1)Buzan, B. (1996) ‘The immortal knowledge whether Realism’ in Smith, S. et al (ed) International Theory: Positivism and Beyond. UK, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2)Cederman, L., E. (1997) Emergent Actors in World Politics. USA, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 3)Cox, R. (1981) ‘Social Forces, States, and World Order’ in Millennium, 10(2), pp. 128 †130. 4)Geeraerts, G. (1995) ‘Analysing Non-State Actors in World Politics’ in Pole Paper Series, 1(4). Accessible at: http://poli.vub.ac.be/publi/shaft papers/pole0104.htm. 5)Higgott, R., A. et al (2000) Non-State Actors and Authority in the Global System. UK, London: Routledge. 6)Keohane, R., O. also, Nye, J., S. (1977) Power and Interdependence. Glenview: Scott Foresman. 7)Keohane, R., O. also, Nye, J., S. (1998) ‘Power and relationship in the data age’ in Foreign Affairs, 77(5), pp. 81 †94. 8)Landman, T. (2008) Issues and Methods in Comparative Politics. UK, London: Routledge. 9)Lim, T., C. (2006) Doing Comparative Politics: A prologue to Approaches and Issues. UK, London: Lynne Rienner Publishers Inc. 10)Mansbach, R., W. also, Vasquez, J., A. (1981) In Search of Theory: A New Paradigm for Global Politics. USA, New York: Columbia University Press. 11)Morgenthau, H. (1948) Politics Among Nations. USA, New York: Alfred Knopf. The most effective method to refer to Are states the main important reasonable on-screen characters in world governmental issues?, Essay models Are states the main significant applied entertainers in world legislative issues Free Essays This examination paper means to address whether states are the main significant reasonable on-screen characters in world legislative issues by breaking down pragmatist and liberal records of global relations hypothesis. It additionally tries to contend that globalization has elevated the pertinence of non-state on-screen characters inside worldwide relations talk, contending that the job of non-state on-screen characters must be paid attention to additional by researchers. It will contend that there are numerous non-state on-screen characters that are important applied entertainers in world legislative issues and that state-driven methodologies are inadequate for increasing more nuanced investigations of w

To be themselves Essay Example for Free

To act naturally Essay In the public arena today, the vast majority can act naturally. Most don't want to shroud who they really are any longer while some despite everything can just â€Å"half express [themselves]† in light of the fact that they are humiliated of the â€Å"idea which each of [them] represents† (186). I feel as though there is still too little accentuation on independence and independence in America today, since some are as yet embarrassed about themselves and depend on others to an extreme. As the years pass, less individuals separate, however there are as yet numerous that despite everything do, making others â€Å"half express [themselves]† (186). Gays and lesbians are reluctant to expose the unadulterated truth since they were informed that it wasn’t option to be anything besides straight. Society caused them to feel embarrassed about themselves. They may radiate insights and their companions may have the option to tell, yet they could never really come out. On the off chance that independence was focused on additional, gays or lesbians would no longer need to shroud who they really are. Surprisingly more dreadful, suggestion 8 limits the meaning of union with other gender couples as it were. They would be acknowledged, yet starting at now, they are not on the grounds that there isn't sufficient accentuation on independence. â€Å"No part of feeding corn† will simply show up out of nowhere; just â€Å"through [their] work bestowed† will something of that sort occur (185). Individuals can’t hope to get something when they didn’t work for it. For instance, vagrants rely upon different people’s compassion and gifts to endure. As opposed to getting off their butts and getting a new line of work, they lounge around trusting that assist will with coming to them. On the off chance that confidence was stressed some more, perhaps we’d have less vagrants remaining in corners asking for cash on the planet. They’d be out searching for employments, however meanwhile, there are destitute safe houses and soup kitchens to support them, until they can recover financially in light of the fact that there isn't sufficient accentuation on confidence. In the event that Emerson were as yet alive today, he would be frustrated, yet he would feel as though he got a large portion of his message through. Despite the fact that some are still somewhat awkward with whom they are and excessively subject to other people, a great many people aren’t hesitant to flaunt their distinction or rely upon themselves. In the public arena today, there isn't sufficient accentuation on confidence and independence since individuals despite everything rely upon others for help and are reluctant to show their real nature. On the off chance that life depended on Emerson’s thoughts, the world would be brimming with persevering residents and separation would not exist.

What to Do When You Have Too Much Medical Debt

What to Do When You Have Too Much Medical Debt What to Do When You Have Too Much Medical Debt What to Do When You Have Too Much Medical DebtIf you are suffering from crushing medical debtâ€"something that is all too commonâ€"try talking directly to your provider to get your bills under control.Recent reports that one-third of GoFundme’s campaigns are dedicated to medical expenses are a reminder that America’s medical debt problem is only getting worse. But if you’re struggling with medical debt, you certainly didn’t need any reminder. You probably can’t go more than a day or two without thinking about it.There’s lots of talk about what the future of the American medical system could look like, but whatever it is, that won’t make a difference to you if you have too much medical debt right at this moment. That’s why we spoke to the experts to find out what you should do when you’re dealing with too much medical debt (other than start a GoFundMe campaign). Talk to your provider.As is the case with many debts, talking won’t always help, but it likely won’t h urt either. Generally, anyone who is owed a debt would rather get a portion of that debt than none. Unless you’re dealing with an unbelievably spiteful collections agency, their ultimate goal isn’t too hurt you. It’s too recoup as much of the money you owe them as they’re able to. Which is why they might be more open to discussion than you might originally assume.“Call your providers,” recommended Holly Wolf, Director of Customer Engagement for SOLO Laboratories (@SOLO_labs). “Your providers have no idea of your financial situation until you tell them about it. Many will offer a sliding scale or payment plans. The key is being HONEST about what you can afford. Call for every bill and every service.”Financial Lifeguard Christine Luken (@FinLifeGrd) shared her own personal example of how reaching out to your medical provider about your financial difficulties can be worthwhile: “See if you qualify for income-based assistance. When my mother-in-law was going through he r bladder cancer treatments, she only had social security income. The hospital granted her an almost 90% reduction in her medical bills because of her low income.”Just be aware that you might have to provide some documentation to back up your case.“When someone has substantial medical debt, I recommend seeing what programs the doctor or the hospital have for helping with balances,” bankruptcy attorney Ashley F. Morgan (@AFM_Law) told us. “Sometimes the medical groups have programs for donations or will reduce your fees due to your income (or even due to really high balances). This often will require submitting income and financial statements to show a substantial hardship.The next option is often a payment plan. A medical facility may allow you to pay off debts over months or years, depending on the circumstances. If you have substantial other debts, this option may only provide minimal relief. If neither of those two options will help, then I recommend considering bankruptc y.”But as you’re probably aware, bankruptcy isn’t exactly a lucky “get out of debt free” card.File for bankruptcy.As is the case with most (but not all) kinds of debt, one way to handle your medical debt is by declaring bankruptcy. But it’s not an option that should be taken lightly.“Bankruptcy should never be your first option, but with substantial debts, it may be your best option,” advised Morgan. “A Chapter 7 bankruptcy would help you wipe away the medical debt and a Chapter 13 would allow you to restructure payments to all creditors over the course of 3 to 5 years. Chapter 13 payments are based on many factors including income and assets.“If you are considering bankruptcy and have substantial medical debt, then it is important to try and time your bankruptcy filing for after your medical treatment is stable. If you file bankruptcy and then need more medical treatments, you may find yourself in more debt and the bankruptcy was for not. This is often the most complicated factor for individuals who need on-going medical help.”But of course, the best way to handle having too much medical debt is to minimize what you rack up in the first place.Preventative medicine.While the following advice may not be very helpful for your current debt, it could help you limit additional medical debt in the future.“Be your own medical debt advocate,” suggested Wolf. “Many people shy away from revealing their situation. When my husband and I BOTH had $16K deductibles, I always said ‘Were paying out of pocket, what can we do to reduce our expense?’ Its amazing how people worked with us to find the lowest cost MRI. They offered HUGE discounts. A $1,200 procedure cost us $400 in cash just for asking. Call around and compare drug prices.”And that’s not the only question Wolf recommends asking: “Ask the questions ‘What will we learn from that test/procedure?’ ‘ Whats the worst that will happen if I dont take this medicine?’ ‘What woul d you do if you were guaranteed not to be sued?’ I know someone who got the answer ‘I wouldnt recommend chemotherapy.’ Three doctors recommended it for fear of being sued. But when the option of being sued was removed, the answer changed because they said chemo wasnt going to improve the outcome.”Finally, Wolf reminds you to: “Take personal responsibility for your health. Are you doing all the things you can to improve your health? If youve got COPD and are still smokingâ€"that doesnt make sense. Have heart issues? Are you watching your diet and getting some exercise? As a gastroenterologist told me, ‘Id lose 70 percent of my business if patients just made the lifestyle changes I recommend.’ He said maybe five percent actually make the changes.”Unfortunately, illness is part of the mortal condition, so you can’t just hope for perfect health forever. But with these tips, you can hopefully keep medical debt from taking over your life.Too much debt of any sort  can ta nk your credit score and drain your savings, leaving you with limited options in a financial emergency. This is why people end up relying on bad credit loans, which can be a fine way to go if you choose the right lender. (Hint, look for a safe, affordable installment loan.) But many other folks end up getting saddled with predatory no credit check loans like cash advances, payday loans, and title loans. Dont let debt bury your financial future. Learn more about handling your debts responsibly with these related posts and articles from OppLoans:Financial Priorities: Which Debts Should You Pay Off First?Does Medical Debt Really Go Away After Seven Years?Are Balance Transfers a Good Way to Pay Down Debt?Have you had to dig yourself out from underneath a pile of medical debt? We want to hear from you! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedINContributorsChristine Luken (@FinLifeGrd) is a Certified Financial Coach, speake r, and author of Money is Emotional: Prevent Your Heart from Hijacking Your Wallet.  She’s an active member of the Financial Therapy Association, and the Northern Kentucky Chamber of Commerce.Ashley F. Morgan (@AFM_Law) is licensed to practice law in the Commonwealth of Virginia. She is also authorized and admitted to practice law in the United States District Court and the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of Virginia. She has dedicated the majority of her legal career helping clients file Chapter 7, 11, and 13 in the Eastern District of Virginia. Ashley works with both individual and business debtors to find the best solution to their debt problems. She is regularly in bankruptcy court in Alexandria, VA or attending 341s with our clients.Holly Wolf is an executive with over 30 years experience in banking and healthcare.

The Idea Of A Perfect Society, Or Utopia, By Sir Thomas More

The idea of a perfect society, or â€Å"utopia,† was first introduced in Sir Thomas More’s book Utopia, written in 1516. In the book, More described a fictional island in the Atlantic Ocean through the character Raphael. On the island everything and everyone has a specific place and purpose. There is no private property, all of the houses on the island are the same; you can walk in the front door, through the house, and out the back door. All necessary items are stored in warehouses, where people only request what they need. The people on the island manufacture the items in the warehouse, everyone that can work does, which means little to no unemployment. Since the introduction of these ideas many people have contested them, as well as driven them to find or create their own utopias. Some of these include historians, philosophers, and even playwrights. One of the playwrights that showed elements of utopian society in his plays was none other than William Shakespeare. Both More and Shakespeare described their utopias through other characters, More through Raphael in Utopia and Shakespeare through Gonzalo in The Tempest. In The Tempest Gonzalo began to imagine what it would be like if he colonized the remote island they had shipwrecked on. GONZALO I’ th’ commonwealth I would by contraries Execute all things. For no kind of traffic Would I admit. No name of magistrate. Letters should not be known. Riches, poverty, And use of service – none. Contract,Show MoreRelatedUtopia Study Guide864 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿English 4, Unit 2: Utopia and Dystopia Sir Thomas More’s Utopia Study Guide Directions: As you read, complete each question below. Type your answers in the appropriate spaces provided. 1. In Book I, who is the narrator? What point of view is this? Thomas More, first person view 2. More and Giles strike up a conversation with someone. Who is this? What does he do? Why are they interested in him? Giles introduces More to Raphael Hythloday. More thought that Hythloday was aRead More Utopian Dreams Essay1391 Words   |  6 Pagesages, man has come to idealize a word that is most commonly related to ‘heavenly’ or ‘perfect’ without actually picking up the book and realizing for themselves that there is no such thing. A Utopian society could never exist because man is made to want, to desire success. Man is competitive by nature and would never be happy in a society where everyone is equal and there is no chance of advancement. Sir Thomas More dreamt of a land that was much like England but could never surpass time. He openedRead More Analysis of Mores The Prince and Utopia Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Sir Thomas More was born in London to Agnes and John More a lawyer in 1477. Tomas after being a page in the Morton Household was sent to Oxford University and became a successful lawyer. After becoming an MP for the Under-Sheriff of London he started writing the book Utopia and finishing it 1516. After writing the book he was appointed as the privy councilor to King Henry VIII in 1518. He was latter executed in 1535 for refusing King Henry VIII to be the head of the church. Utopia is aRead MoreA Utopian Society By Sir Thomas More1608 Words   |  7 Pagesperfection, or utopias, have been attempted. Bound by politics, societal and economic factors, and personal endeavors, they perish under the exact terms that sparked their creation. Sir Thomas More, a renowned Renaissance humanist, attempts to defy that stigma through his recollection of an island called Utopia. His ideas, however, are incapable of maintaining a flawless state of content between the expectations and desires of both its residents and government. In reality, More’s â€Å"perfect† Utopian societyRead More Utopia - The Impossibility of Perfection Essay example1686 Words   |  7 PagesUtopia - The Impossibility of Perfection The latter end of [this] commonwealth forgets the beginning. ?William Shakespeare, The Tempest From Platos The Republic to Karl Marxs Communist Manifesto, the search for a perfect social state has never stopped; its ultimate goal of achieving a human society that exists in absolute harmony with all due social justice, however, has proved to be woefully elusive. The pure concept of a utopia can be theoretically visualized as a perfect geometricRead MoreUtopi An Island Shaped Like A Crescent1081 Words   |  5 Pages1. Utopia is an island shaped like a crescent, with eleven miles of sea in-between the top and bottom point that doesn’t have any currents. This sea allows for everyone that lives in Utopia to be able to trade. Entering the bay that surrounds Utopia is dangerous because of the hidden rocks, which are known by the locals, but not by strangers so it is hard for them to enter. There are fifty-four cities, all having the same customs and laws, and all large. The city of Amaurot is near the center ofRead MoreUtopia, by Thomas More: Your Wost Nightmare Essay1419 W ords   |  6 PagesUtopia is a brilliant novel written by Thomas More. The idea of a utopia seems impossible, how can anyone live in a perfect place when perfection is in the eyes of the beholder? The Utopia in this novel is nothing more than abundant of already established ideas therefore it can’t not truly be a Utopia. The abolition of private property is one of Mores chief criticisms of Utopia; it seems to mimic the common understandings of communism, which Thomas More’s character Raphael has been accused of protectingRead More`` Utopia `` By John De Mol1719 Words   |  7 Pagessince humans have existed on this earth the idea of a perfect world has been experimented with. Some examples are Brook Farm in Massachusetts, Fruitland also in Massachusetts, and one of the biggest â€Å"perfect world† is Jonestown in Guyana. All these â€Å"perfect societies† was attempted, but never succeeded. A positive perfect world, where every single member living in it joyfully and without worries is a Utopia. Dutch media tycoon John de Mol once said, â€Å" Utopia is a positive and constructive program thatRead MoreA Utopian Society By Russel Jacoby1129 Words   |  5 PagesA utopian society is fictional society in which everything from social standards and political ideas are done in such a way that leads everyone to live in a harmonious state. Russel Jacoby, a historian, noted two forms of utopias; â€Å"blueprint utopianism,† which more along the lines of a model or outline of a utopia in which a government could follow, this is the one Thomas Mores book is more likely to fall under, the other type is â€Å"iconoclastic utopianism,† is the one that is much more idealized andRead MoreA Utopia Sounds Like A Wonderful Thing1433 Words   |  6 PagesFinal A utopia sounds like a wonderful thing. The Oxford English Dictionary defines â€Å"utopia† as an â€Å"imagined or hypothetical place, system, or state of existence in which everything is perfect, esp. in respect of social structure, laws, and politics.† (OED, 2015, entry 2) But what happens when someone tries to bring this imagined land of perfection into reality? Both in fictional literature and in real life applications, utopian dreams destroy societies. The word utopia originates from Sir Thomas

Tcp. E Commerce Sql Injection Prevention - 1461 Words

SET @sql = SELECT * FROM User Table WHERE Username = + @uname + AND Password = + @pass + ; EXEC (@sql); END GO In the above statement, we create a stored procedure called CheckUser, accountable for authentication of username and password. Here the attacker simply injects ‘’; -- in the query thereby bypassing the authentication through the stored procedure. V. E-COMMERCE SQL INJECTION PREVENTION The tools and techniques for for distinguishing and anticipating SQL infusion are given underneath: 1. AMNESIA: It is proposed by Junjin [10] for detecting SQL injection attacks over the web application i.e. for tracing SQL input flow using SQLInjectionGen and attack input generation using†¦show more content†¦By doing this, we can take away the ability for an attacker to make any changes to the database. In the following example if the code is run with read and write permissions the attacker could potentially delete all that data in the database. ‘; DROP TABLE users; # But by having the database be read only for the executing script we can able to make any changes to the database so drop table users command would have no effect on the database as a whole. 4. Configure Error Reporting: When attempting to attack a server, attacker tries to get any information possible which hook on unauthorized access to the server. If an attacker can cause a script to crash to split out any error messages, it helps to figure out the system’s potential vulnerabilities. However, if all the error messages are written internally it doesn’t get any feedback about what’s going on in the application making it much more challenging to find a security vulnerability. 5. Prevention Using Stored Procedures [13]: Stored procedures are being a part of database help applications to interact with database server [13]. The blend of static examination and runtime investigation is utilized to keep this put away system. The author at [15] proposed a mix of static investigation and runtime observing to secure the security of potential vulnerabilities as put away methodology coded by the software engineer, is a section to powerless against injection. 6. CANDIDShow MoreRelatedApplication Layer Dos / Ddos Attacks On E Commerce Sites5277 Words   |  22 PagesAPPLICATION-LAYER DoS/DDoS ATTACKS ON E-COMMERCE SITES ABSTRACT A recent increase of application layer Denial of Service attacks (DoS) on the Internet has swiftly shifted the focus of the research community from traditional network-based denial of service. Denial of Service (DoS) and the associated Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) are simply an attempt by cyber-attackers to exhaust the resources available to a network, application or service so that genuine users cannot gain access. Cyber-attackersRead MoreSec 435 Week 3 Assignment 1 Business Security Posture Sec435 Week 3 Assignment 1 Business Security Posture3017 Words   |  13 Pagesconcern and propose one (1) strategy to mitigate the concerns in question. Provide a rationale to support your response.   * Specify one (1) way in which you would use Three-Way Handshake to build a TCP connection between two (2) computers. Next, analyze the roles in which the various fields of the â€Å"TCP header† play in building and maintaining the connection. Include one (1) example of such role to support your response.   * http://workbank247.com/q/sec-435-complete-course-week-1-to-week-11/12288Read MoreSec 435 Week 10 Term Paper Penetration Testing Sec435 Week 10 Term Paper Penetration Testing3027 Words   |  13 Pagesconcern and propose one (1) strategy to mitigate the concerns in question. Provide a rationale to support your response.   * Specify one (1) way in which you would use Three-Way Handshake to build a TCP connection between two (2) computers. Next, analyze the roles in which the various fields of the â€Å"TCP header† play in building and maintaining the connection. Include one (1) example of such role to support your response.   * http://workbank247.com/q/sec-435-complete-course-week-1-to-week-11/12288 Read MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 Pagesmerchandise for sale and protecting it from theft. c. Outbound logistics includes delivering the products to the customer. d. Sales marketing includes ringing up and processing all sales transactions and advertising products to increase sales. e. Service includes repairs, periodic maintenance, and all other post-sales services offered to customers. The four support activities at SS: a. Firm infrastructure includes the accounting, finance, legal, and general administration functions required

Is Buzzfeed A Worldwide Media Corporation Essay - 2375 Words

Buzzfeed is a worldwide media corporation, popular among young adults, that reaches people through a variety of social media and internet platforms, including, but not limited to, their website, YouTube, Snapchat, and their own app (About Buzzfeed). Their main website has access hundreds of different articles arranged under topics including, â€Å"Food,† â€Å"Celebrity,† â€Å"Big Stories,† â€Å"Geeky,† and more. One of their most popular sections is called, â€Å"LGBT,† which includes articles such as â€Å"Inside the Dark World of Chemsex,† and â€Å"27 Important Reminders for Parents of LGBT People† (Buzzfeed.com). While the section is slanted toward LGBT articles, Buzzfeed as a whole contains a plethora of articles covering sex from a highly liberal viewpoint. With a reach so wide, Buzzfeed is, on a daily basis, flooding the internet with their view of sex and how it operates in the world. However, is an online company the place from which someone should base their ideals of sex and sexual ethics? Should sex be treated flippantly enough to simply fill a clickbait listicle? Or is there a perspective that holds sex to a higher purpose and more dignity? In this paper, the topics of marriage, divorce and remarriage, premarital sex, and homosexuality and SSA will be approached and critiqued from a Judeo-Christian perspective. Somewhat surprisingly, the Bible has a lot to say about sex, and most of it is good. In fact, Song of Solomon (also called Song of Songs) is a book that details the good pleasure ofShow MoreRelatedThe Invasion Of The Saddam Hussain Statue Down907 Words   |  4 Pagesimages – who decided to topple the statue, the Army report said. And it was a quick thinking Army psychological operations team that made it appear to be a spontaneous Iraqi undertaking’. (Fair.org as quoted by Karatzogianni 2006 p182) The western media reported that the toppling of the statue was executed by the Iraqi civilians who were grateful for the coalition forces intervention. Western news claimed that the coalition forces merely assisted the Iraqi population in bringing the statue down, byRead MoreControversy Surrounding Gmo And The Food Industry1644 Words   |  7 Pagesprofits. The groups opposing big business like Monsanto believe that GMOs didn’t come to dominate our agricultural system simply because they’re awesome, and they’re not struggling for acceptance because the public is fearful and/or misinformed. Corporations made billions on GMOs and all we got was ethanol and an unsustainable diet. (Laskawy, 2013) These and other skeptics continue to call for more and more research of the possible long term effects that are associated with consuming these productsRead MorePublic Radio Has Maintained A Legacy2218 Words   |  9 PagesFor decades, National Public Radio has maintained a legacy as a successful worldwide news organization. However, the news produced tends to be consumed mainly by an older audience. It has a reputation among millennials as one of the less entertaining news outlets. It is essential for news to be exciting in order to capture the attention of this millennial audience, and NPR tends to lack the excitement value it needs to fully reach this massive demographic. In order for the station to better attract

Death of a Salesman free essay sample

In Arthur Millers, Death of a Salesman, Willy Loman convinces himself that he is a valued, successful businessman, and that his sons are destined for greatness. His obsession with the American Dream and his ego, causes him to become delusional and totally blind of his actual situation. Willys false sense of reality leads him to escape the truth through his fantasies, flashbacks, and later through death. His state of mind results in him never being able to accept or understand the truth and projects his failures onto Biff. Willy Lomans inability to distinguish his hopes from reality causes him to affect his sons life and views greatly.Willy Loman has a powerful father role in the lives of his two sons, Biff and Happy. Biff, being the favorite, had to meet up to his fathers expectations of becoming successful. Throughout high school, Biff was taught that appearance and ego is what determined ones ranking in life. Betrayal and abandonment are themes that have reoccurred through his life, from when his father abandoned him when he was young, to when his sons leave him in a restaurant, babbling like a maniac in the bathroom. His son, Biff, in his own eyes, ironically induces the final betrayal because Biff refuses to accept Willy’s fevered, dementia-driven dream for his son. Abandonment is one of the foremost figures in Willy’s life, from his current life and even when he was young. In his introduction, he describes his current status in his sales career. I know it when I walk in. They seem to laugh at me†¦I don’t know the reason for it, but they just pass me by. I’m not noticed. † (23) This describes his life currently; a man to be tossed aside in his old age and near uselessness. Here, he has not yet realized the uselessness of his current career and status; he continues his futile lies to his wife as to the income he currently makes and how much he is actually valued amongst his clients. The futile lies he continues to offer himself is also reflected within his flashback with Ben, as he remembers Biff’s childhood.   Can’t you stay a few days? You’re just what I need, Ben, because I—I have a fine position here, but I—well, Dad left when I was such a baby and I never had a chance to talk to him and I still feel—kind of temporary about myself. † (36) This is showing Willy’s final departure from his brother Ben, as he leaves him while Willy begs him to stay. This scene shows that Willy is not secure about himself at all, especially in his parenting, as the only men he viewed as reliable parents – Ben and his real father – abandoned him in his time of real need. The final moment of abandonment occurs when he nears the end of his life, and by his very blood. â€Å"You invite him to dinner. He looks forward to it all day and then you desert him there. There’s no stranger you’d do that to! † (97-98) This is Linda talking to Biff after he had abandoned his father at a restaurant that was arranged by his sons. Biff, after breaking the news to his father about his hopeless future in sales, and after his father breaks down in the bathroom, leaves him and goes off with a pair of women. This abandonment by his own sons reflects the conditions of Willy’s life; one of broken promises, little commitment, and absolutely no respect, which eventually leads to his suicide in search for his son’s favor. But this condition of his life is a cause of betrayal, one theme that will be reviewed next. Betrayal is the other side of Willy’s life, and is the cause of the abandonment of him by his most important person in his life: his son, Biff. One of the most significant betrayals of the entire play happens far before the point at where the book starts. You – You gave her Mama’s stockings! † (95) This is when Biff was a child and comes to Willy in Boston to try and fix his grades, when he finds his father cheating on his mother. This event is so significant that it leads to Biff’s current hopelessness: the betrayal of the father is what leads to his son’s downfall. This betrayal is evident in Biff all throughout the book. â€Å"Spite, spite is the word of your undoing! And when you’re down and out remember what did it. When you’re rotting somewhere beside the railroad tracks, remember, and don’t you dare blame it on me! (103) This is when Willy and Biff are arguing over Willy’s expectations for his son. Willy believes that Biff’s betrayal of his expectations is because of his infidelity; he seeks to separate himself from the responsibility of his son’s failure due to his infidelity. In fact, Willy’s expectations are another thing that have been betrayed. How can he find himself on a farm? Is that a life? A farmhand? In the beginning, when he was young, I thought, well, a young man, it’s good for him to tramp around, take a lot of different jobs. But it’s more than ten years now and he has yet to make thirty-five dollars a week! (5) Willy is talking to Linda here about Biff, his son. He believes that all of his expectations of his son are betrayed, and that this betrayal is based off of him not being what Willy wants him to be. In fact, Biff’s dreams of freedom are strangely similar to what Willy muses about; it could be that this sense of betrayal stems from jealousy of his son. Betrayal and abandonment are not separate entities though; they can be tied together in various ways. Betrayal AND abandonment are very closely related, especially within the story of Willy Loman, and the tragedy that is his life. One of the most tangible combinations of both themes is within his job. â€Å"Charley, I’m strapped. I’m strapped. I don’t know what to do. I was just fired. † (75) Here is Willy talking to Charley about the betrayal of his beloved company he had worked for over 3 decades, and simply abandoned him by the side of the road. Strangely enough, within this scene, there is a path that Willy does not take (out of jealousy), which is when Charley offers him a job In fact, within the same scene, is a statement that echoes the ideas of life, and contradicts the idealism that Willy holds. Willy, when’re you gonna realize that them things don’t mean anything? You named him Howard, but you can’t sell that. The only thing you got in this world is what you can sell. And the funny thing is that you’re a salesman, and you don’t know that. † (75) This is something that Charley tells Willy in an attempt to get Willy to open his eyes to the real world, and away from the dream that has abandoned him in the end. This is significant for something within that conversation sparks the only time he tells the truth within the entire play; that Charley is his only friend. The final betrayal within the play occurs right before his death. â€Å"Ben! Ben, where do I? †¦Ben how do I? † (108) This is Willy calling out to his imaginary brother, right before he commits suicide. At first glance, it does not seem like betrayal or abandonment, but it is what the quote implies. He is calling out to the big brother who abandoned him, final call in his last moments for some sort of advice or consolation, and in his final moments, abandons the family that loves him, despite their conflicts. These are the final words of Willy Loman, right before he proves that he truly is worth more dead than he is alive. Betrayal and abandonment; they are themes that everyone have faced, or will face in the future. Death of a Salesman is perhaps one of the most realistic, if not a tad extreme, representations of the life of a failed and broken man. We can gather the grief within the story, the sense of tragedy with which it comes with, as well as perhaps a view of capitalism that is somewhat cynical in its own sense – it will make one man betray another, or it will make another man have everyone betray him. Man itself can gather from this topic that betrayal itself is not â€Å"wrong†; or at least it can’t be driven out, for reality itself can be seen as betrayal. In fact, the ones you most love can deliver the betrayal itself. What could be the way to avoid such a fate? Only way this play seems to suggest is to become of value to others, one so indispensible that people would beg for you to come back.

Black Death Muslim and Christian Responses free essay sample

Imagine yourself alone on a street corner, coughing up bloody mucous each time you exhale. You are gasping for a full breath of air, but realizing that is not possible, you give up your fight to stay alive. Youre thinking why is this happening to me? That is how the victims of the Black Death felt. In five short years, the plague killed between 25 and 45% of the populations it encountered. So how different were the Christian and Muslim responses? In 1348 Christians who were followers of Jesus Christ and Muslims who followed the teachings of Muhammad came face to face with the Black Death. In truth, Muslims and Christians responded in many different ways. Even the way the blamed others for the cause of the plague and religious views about the disease were very much different. In a similar manner both religions acted completely out the norm, they basically set aside their spiritual beliefs for a moment. We will write a custom essay sample on Black Death Muslim and Christian Responses or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of the similar responses between the Muslims and Christians were acting out of the ordinary. According to document five both religions were finding non-religious alternatives to prevent the Black Death. In some cases, the Christians would try to sleeping on their backs to prevent the plague, while the Muslims would even avoid going outside. In addition they both drank a solution of Armenian clay to cleanse the body and built fires hoping that this would purify the contaminated air. Based on document nine both the religions united together to pray and they went back to their religious ways. These documents prove that each religion in some cases stepped out their religious backgrounds to try to prevent the Black Death. Religious views played a big part on the different ways the Christians and Muslims responded to the Black Death. The Christians basically thought the plague was their fault. They believe that they’re being punished for their sins they’ve imputed against God. On the other hand the Muslims are taking the plague lightly. They believe that â€Å"a Muslim should devoutly accept the divine act. The Muslims also believe that this occurrence is a blessing from God. In addition document two explains the Black Death Mortality by comparing each religions death rate. The mortality estimate Phillip Ziegler calculated for the Muslims shows that about 33% of the Middle Eastern population have deceased. While the Christian population in Europe mortality rate was only 31%. This document proves that the Muslims population decreased greater than the Christians. During the era of the Black Plague, the Christian community held a lood-thirsty lead hand in the fact of the matter, while the Islam society didn’t blame the epidemic on others and or try to solve the rampant disease with violence. According to document seven the Christians blamed the Jews for causing the Black Death; they believe the Jews poisoned the wells. The Muslims didn’t blame anyone for the occurrence of the Black Death, based on document ten. This proves that the Muslims believed that the plague was meant to happen, like document four said, â€Å"the plague is a blessing from God. †

Brian Nichols †Atlanta Courthouse Killer

Brian Nichols – Atlanta Courthouse Killer On March 11, 2005, Nichols was on trial for rape at the Fulton County Courthouse in Atlanta when he overpowered a female deputy, took her gun, and went into the courtroom where he trial was being held and shot the judge and a court reporter. Nichols is also charged with killing a sheriffs deputy who tried to stop his escape from the courthouse and shooting a federal agent at his home a few miles from the courthouse.Nichols escape set off one of the largest manhunts in Georgia history, which ended after he took Ashley Smith hostage in her apartment and she convinced him to let her leave and then called 9-1-1. Case Developments Brian Nichols Avoids Death Penalty Dec. 12, 2008 Brian Nichols, the convicted Atlanta Courthouse killer, avoided the death penalty when a jury deciding his fate deadlocked after four days of deliberation. The jury was split 9-3 in favor of giving Nichols the death penalty rather than life in prison. Atlanta Courthouse Killer Found GuiltyNov. 7, 2008After deliberating for 12 hours, a jury found the Atlanta Courthouse killer guilty of murder and dozens of other charges in connection with his deadly escape from the Fulton County Courthouse on March 11, 2005. Brian Nichols was found guilty of all 54 charges after pleading not guilty by reason of insanity. Previous Developments Ashley Smith Testifies Against Brian NicholsOct. 6, 2008 The woman who talked accused Atlanta Courthouse killer Brian Nichols into surrendering to police testified at his trial that she appealed to his religious beliefs while she was held captive by him in her apartment. Atlanta Courthouse Shooting Trial UnderwaySept. 22, 2008After years of delays and nine weeks to select a jury of eight women and four men, the trial of accused Atlanta Courthouse shooter Brian Nichols got underway under high security Monday. Nichols has pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity for killing a judge, court reporter and sheriffs deputy at the Fulton County Courthouse and a federal agent later that day. Atlanta Courthouse Shooting Trial Finally BeginsJuly 10, 2008Jury selection has finally begun in the Atlanta Courthouse Shooting a day after Brian Nichols pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity to 54 counts, including the murders of four people. More than 600 witnesses are scheduled to testify in the high-profile trial which could last for months. Mental Exam Ordered for Brian NicholsJune 12, 2008A judge has ruled that prosecutors can have their own psychological expert examine Brian Nichols, who plans to claim he was insane when he shot his way out of an Atlanta courthouse in 2005. Nichols Wants New Judge RemovedApril 23, 2008Brian Nichols defense team claims the judge should recuse himself because he was a friend of one of the victims. Judge Keeps Jury Pool in Brian Nichols CaseApril 11, 2008The new judge in the Atlanta Courthouse Shooting case has ruled that the jury selection process will begin again in July where it left off before being interrupted by the controversy over the funding for the defense. Superior Court Judge Jim Bodiford issued a ruling that jury selection would continue July 10 from the original jury pool of 3,500. Courthouse Shooting Judge Steps DownJan. 30, 2008The controversial judge in the Atlanta Courthouse shooting trial of Brian Nichols has stepped down after a magazine article quoted him saying, everyone in the world knows he did it. County to Help Fund Brian Nichols DefenseJan. 15, 2008The death penalty trial of accused Atlanta Courthouse killer Brian Nichols could begin again as early as mid-March after the Fulton County Commission voted to spend $125,000 to help in his defense by paying for a psychiatric evaluation. Brian Nichols Murder Trial Delayed AgainNov. 16, 2007For the fifth time, the murder trial of accused Atlanta Courthouse Killer Brian Nichols has been delayed due to a lack of funds for his defense. Sticking to his guns despite growing criticism, Judge Hilton Fuller ruled that he will not start the trial until there is more money provided to Nichols defense team. DA Tries to Force Start of Nichols TrialNov. 2, 2007The Fulton County district attorney has filed a complaint with the Georgia Supreme Court in an effort to force the judge in the Atlanta Courthouse Shootings case to resume jury selection. Atlanta Courthouse Shooting Trial to BeginOct. 15, 2007Security will be tight at the Fulton County courthouse this week as the trial of Brian Nichols begins in the same building he is accused of shooting his way out of almost three years ago. Lack of Money May Delay Brian Nichols TrialFeb. 12, 2007The trial of Brian Nichols in the Atlanta courthouse shooting case may be delayed because the agency in charge of paying his court-appointed attorneys is out of money. Atlanta Courthouse Shooting Trial BeginsJan. 11, 2007Although there is absolutely no doubt about the guilt of the defendant, a long, drawn out and expensive trial is scheduled to begin in the same courthouse that also happens to be the scene of the crime. Brian Nichols Trial Delay RejectedDec. 22, 2006Superior Court Judge Hilton Fuller has rejected another defense motion that would have delayed the start of the trial of Brian Nichols. Atlanta Courthouse Shooting Trial to Be Moved?Jan 30, 2006Attorneys for Brian Nichols have asked that his trial be moved to another courthouse, because the current one is the crime scene. Hostage Ashley Smith Gave Nichols MethSept. 28, 2005Ashley Smith, the woman who helped authorities capture Atlanta Courthouse killer Brian Nichols, says in her new book Unlikely Angel that she talked with him about her faith and gave him methamphetamine during her seven-hour hostage ordeal. Previous developments in the Atlanta Courthouse Shooting case: Two Arrested for Murder of Ashley Smiths HusbandJune 23, 2005Four years after Daniel (Mack) Smith was stabbed to death at an August, Georgia apartment complex, two men have been indicted and arrested for the stabbing death of the husband of Ashley Smith, the woman who convinced the Atlanta courthouse killer to turn himself into police. Death Penalty Sought for NicholsMay 5, 2005The Fulton County district attorney will seek the death penalty for the man accused of shooting his way out of an Atlanta courthouse, leaving four people dead and setting off the largest manhunt in Georgia history. Ashley Smith Collects $70,000 RewardMarch 24, 2005Ashley Smith was given $70,000 in reward money for helping authorities capture courthouse shooter Brian Nichols. Hostage: God Brought Him to My DoorMarch 14, 2005Ashley Smith, the 26-year-old hostage who notified police that the Atlanta Courthouse Killer wanted to turned himself in, read to Brian Nichols from The Purpose Driven Life, shared her personal faith, and prayed with him for more than seven hours in her Duluth, Georgia apartment. Courthouse Killer Waves White Flag to SurrenderMarch 12, 2005Brian Nichols, the man who killed three people in a Fulton County Courtroom Friday, waved a white flag to surrender to authorities after they surrounded a Metro Atlanta Area apartment that belonged to a woman who managed to call 911. Courthouse Killer Gives Cops the SlipMarch 11, 2005The manhunt for an Atlanta man who killed three people at the Fulton County Courthouse Friday morning became a lot more complicated when the vehicle the suspect was thought to be driving was found 14 hours later on a lower deck of the same parking from which it was supposedly stolen.

Ethics in Electronics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics in Electronics - Essay Example In the last few years, electronic engineering ethics have come forward as separate and identifiable fields in applied ethics. Most of the parts and development areas have emerged in USA. Modern electronic engineering declares that engineering ethics involve the part and ways in which an engineer thinks. So, according to this point of view, ethics involve all those activities that are involved within engineering profession. It is a complete process that demands all the technical as well as material knowledge that is not only required but also sufficient for the possible goals. In electronic engineering when we talk about ethics we may see that two attributes play very important role. The first deal with the focus through which activities are carefully associated with the interests of human being. Ethics of engineering practice is generated by shared ideas related to primary activities whether we talk about organizations, designs, constructions or similar terms of the same manner. In 1 994, while talking about ethics related to electronic engineering, Johnson mentioned that electronic ethics include the understanding of societal context in relation to electronics and its designs. These ethics are also important to make students aware about various issues going on especially those professionals indulged in the field of electronic engineering. Moreover, ethics are also developed to make students aware about various sensitive issues while designing electronic devices in their learning process or while working in an organization. Electronic engineering ethics are also developed to give students and professional better understanding about various electronic devices and their usage. These ethics identify the use of devices and how these make impact on society and social environment. Basically, society or social environment is the place where these devices are practically used and implemented. So, ethics prove relation between two. Moreover, ethics in the field of engine ering are also developed to demonstrate the analytical approach and develop conceptual tools for sorting out decisions in various conditions. These ethics further define the impact of electronics in general as well as in specific conditions. However, it is important to understand that engineering ethics do not come or achieve without cost. Many well known ethicists like John Ladd divides electronic engineering ethics into two domains including macro and micro ethics. These divisions of ethics depend on the focus of relationship between engineers and clients or with colleagues and employers. Moreover, these further depend on collective responsibility of profession as a whole. These are known as professional ethics by Ladd. As a whole, we can say that micro ethics deal with the internal issues of the profession whereas macro ethics related to electronic engineering refer the professional attitude and responsibility in broad context including society. Furthermore, when we talk about en gineering ethics, we can see that this deals with the study of moral issues that might be confronted by individuals or organizations that are engaged in engineering. These further include all the questions that were directly or indirectly related to morals, ideas, policies and characters. These ethics identify the relationships of corporations and people that are involved in all technological activities.

Domestic Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Domestic Terrorism - Essay Example Specifically, the essay aims to present the effects of acts of domestic terrorists in relation to destruction of human lives, economic impact and public policy changes in the country. One of the primary institutions in the country which is actively involved in studying terrorist activities is the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). The FBI classified terrorist related activities into three: (1) terrorist incident (â€Å"a violent act or an act dangerous to human life, in violation of the criminal laws of the United States, or of any state, to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives†); (2) suspected terrorist incident (â€Å"a potential act of terrorism for which responsibility cannot be attributed to a known or suspected group†); and (3) terrorism prevention (â€Å"is a documented instance in which a violent act by a known or suspected terrorist group or individual with the means and a proven propensity for violence is successfully interdicted through investigative activity†). (Terrorism in the United States 1999 ii) Domestic terrorism is also being evaluated in terms of their motivation. Presley (1996) presented the delineation of terrorist activities according to the following motivations: â€Å"(1) religious convictions, (2) racial prejudice and supremacist goals, (3) anarchistic/anti-government/ politically motivated, or (4) in pursuit of unique special interests† (p. 15). Contemporary research reveals that these motivations have specifically identified group classifications of domestic terrorism. These groups were identified by the FBI study as of right-wing, left-wing, or special interest orientations. Their causes generally spring from issues relating to American political and social concerns. (ibid. p. 23). In related documents, groups

Different Kinds Of Trial Under CRPC Law Essay

Different Kinds Of Trial Under CRPC Law Essay Most offences in Indian criminal law were created by Statute and have a statutory maximum penalty. For the purposes of trial, offences were divided into different categories, offences triable by indictment (warrant cases) or offences triable only summarily, or offences triable either way. The most serious offences (eg: murder, rape) are triable only on indictment, at the Sessions Court. A large mass of less serious offences are triable only summarily, in magistrates courts. The middle category of offences triable either way and comprises of most burglaries, thefts and frauds. The trial is the pivotal point of a Criminal case. Sec 190 of the CrPC talks of the conditions that need to be fulfilled before proceedings can be initiated by the Magistrate (it specifically empowers a Magistrate to take cognizance of a case). It is the exclusive power of the Magistrate under Sec 204 of the CrPC to refer or reject a case from entering the stage of trial. Trial is the judicial adjudication of a persons guilt or innocence. Under the CrPC, criminal trials have been categorized into four divisions having different procedures, called Session, warrant, summons and summary trials. Sec 225-237 deal with warrant cases by a court of Session. Sec 238-250 deal with warrant cases by magistrates. Sections 251-259 provides procedure for trial of summons cases by magistrates. Sections 260-265 make provisions relating to summary trials. Warrant Case: A warrant case relates to offences punishable with death, imprisonment for life or imprisonment for a term exceeding two years. The CrPC provides for two types of procedure for the trial of warrant cases triable by a magistrate, viz., those instituted upon a police report and those instituted upon complaint or on own information of magistrate. In respect of cases instituted on police report, it provides for the magistrate to discharge the accused upon consideration of the police report and documents sent with it. In respect of the cases instituted otherwise than on police report, the magistrate hears the prosecution and takes the evidence. If there is no case, the accused is discharged. If the accused is not discharged, the magistrate holds regular trial after framing the charge, etc. Sessions case: In respect of offences punishable with death, life imprisonment or imprisonment for a term exceeding seven years, the trial is conducted in a Sessions court after being committed or forwarded to the court by a magistrate. Summons case: A summons case consists of all cases relating to offences punishable with imprisonment not exceeding two years. In respect of summons cases, there is no need to frame a charge. The court gives substance of the accusation, which is called notice, to the accused when the person appears in pursuance to the summons. The court has the power to convert a summons case into a warrant case, if the magistrate thinks that it is in the interest of justice. Summary case: The high court may empower magistrates of first class to try certain offences in a summary way. Second class magistrates can summarily try an offence only if punishable only with a fine or imprisonment for a term not exceeding six months. In a summary trial, no sentence of imprisonment for a term exceeding three months can be passed in any conviction. The particulars of the summary trial are entered in the record of the court. In every case tried summarily in which the accused does not plead guilty, the magistrate records the substance of the evidence and a judgment containing a brief statement of the reasons for the finding.  [1]   Procedure of Magistrate on appearance of accused in warrant case: In warrant case if the Magistrate finds that the charge against the accused is groundless, he has power to discharge the accused by recording reasons. If the Magistrate has reason to believe that there is ground to proceed further, he then frame charges against accused which is read and explained and thereafter asks accused whether he pleads guilty of offence or not. If the accused pleads guilty, the Magistrate may convict the accused and proceed further to question the accused about quantum of sentence. Thereafter awards sentence. If the accused pleads to be tried, the magistrate proceeds to examine the witnesses of prosecution, hearing of prosecution and examination of accused under Section 313(1)(b) CrPC follows. The accused shall also be called upon to enter defence and produce his witnesses if any. Procedure of Court of Session: In case of offence exclusively triable by a court of Session, the Magistrate may take cognizance if such an offence and commit the case to the court of Session for trial. A court of Session cannot directly take cognizance of offence triable by it. On appearance by the accused before Sessions Court, the Judge hears the public prosecutor regarding the case. If the Judge considers that there is no sufficient ground to proceed with, he can discharge the accused, otherwise he proceeds to frame charge and examines the accused about the charge. If the accused pleads guilty the judge convicts the accused and the question quantum of sentence and award sentence by way of judgment. If the accused wishes to be tried the Judge shall fix dates for examination of prosecution witnesses and shall hear prosecution arguments and then call upon accused personally to explain any circumstances against him in evidence. If no case is made-out, the Judge shall record order of acquittal. If the Judge does not think it fit to acquit the accused, he shall thereupon ask the accused to enter on his defence. Accused can also file written statement explaining the circumstances of his involvement in the case. On hearing prosecution and accused, the Judge shall give a judgment. In case the accused is convicted, he shall be heard about quantum of sentence. Thereupon award of sentence follows. Examination of Court Witnesses:-The court has power to examine any person, at any stage, as court witness in the ends of Justice. Summons procedure:-In summons case, the accused is issued summons to appear or brought before the Magistrate. Then particulars of offence are stated and if the accused pleads guilty, he is convicted or otherwise trial follows. It shall not be necessary to frame charges in summons case. Summary and trial procedure:-Summary trial is a short-cut procedure of regular trial. Since risk is involved in short cut procedure, senior and experienced judicial officers are empowered to try certain petty cases. Though some offences under this summary trial procedure involved are warrant cases, but the involvement of punishment in summary trial being only three months imprisonment, summons case procedure is followed at the trial. In this summary trial, the Magistrate shall record substance if evidence and a judgment of brief statement of reasons for the finding follows if the accused does not plead guilty.  [2]   Guidelines: The purpose of these guidelines is to help magistrates decide whether or not to commit either way offences for trial in the Sessions Court. Their object us to provide guidance not direction. They are not meant to impinge upon a magistrates duty to consider each case individually and on its own particular facts. These guidelines apply to all defendants aged 18 and above. General Mode of Trial Considerations: When deciding whether a case is better triable as a Sessions case or a warrant case, a magistrate must keep in mind the following considerations: a) the nature of the case, b) whether the circumstances make the offence one of a serious character, c) whether the punishment which a magistrates court would have the power to inflict for it would be adequate, d) any other circumstances which appear to the court to make it suitable for the offence to be tried in one way rather than the other, e) any representations made by the prosecution or the defence. Some more observations: a) the court should never make its decision only on the grounds of convenience or expedition, b) the court should assume for the purposes of deciding the mode of trial that the prosecution version of the facts is correct, c) where cases involve complex questions of fact or difficult questions of law, including difficult issues of disclosure of sensitive material he court should consider committal for trial, e) in general, except where otherwise stated, either-way offences should be tried summarily. Problems and Suggested Reforms in Trial Procedure In cases of conviction, the sentence that may be passed is limited by (a) the procedure adopted for purposes of trial: and (b) the limits placed by S.29 Cr.P.C. on different classes of Magistrates. If the case is tried by the Chief Judicial Magistrate (or the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate), the upper limit of sentencing would be any sentence authorized by law, except a sentence of imprisonment for life or of imprisonment for a term exceeding seven years. A Magistrate of the First Class (or a Metropolitan Magistrate) may pass a sentence of imprisonment for a term not exceeding three years, or of fine not exceeding Rs.5000 or of both.  [3]   The procedure for recording evidence varies according to the form of trial. Section 274 Cr.P.C., prescribes that in summons cases and inquiries, the Magistrate shall, as the examination of each witness proceeds, make a memorandum of the substance of the evidence in the language of the Court. The proviso enables the Magistrate to cause such memorandum to be made in writing or from his dictation in open Court where the Magistrate is unable to make such memorandum himself and records reasons for his inability. S.376 (d)., provides that no appeal from a convicted person shall lie when a sentence of fine only is passed not exceeding Rs.200/- in a case tried summarily by the Magistrate empowered under section 260. S.260 and 355 are either unutilized or under-utilized. Only those Magistrates (Other than CJMs and MMs) who are duly empowered, either by name, or by virtue of office, or under the statute creating the offence can try the cases summarily. But most of the Magistrates are not empowered. This is one among the many reasons why summary procedures is not fully utilized. As the Judge of the same status can deal with the case summarily when he is posted as a metropolitan Judge without any empowerment there is no reason why such empowerment is needed for other magistrates to deal with the cases summarily under Section 262 of the Code The Law Commission has in its 154th report also recommended enhancement of the limit of Sentence prescribed in Section 262 of the Code to three years. It has also recommended some incidental amendments to Sections 2(x) and 2(w). The researcher feels that Section 2(x) defining warrant case be amended by substituting the word three for the word two. Consequently all cases which are not warrant cases, relating to offences punishable with imprisonment lower than three years shall become Summons cases which shall be tried by following the summary procedure prescribed in Chapter XXI of the Code. Large number of cases which do not involve serious offences can be disposed of expeditiously. As the Magistrate has power under S. 260(2) to try the case regularly if he feels that it is desirable to do so in the interest of justice no prejudice would be caused. However, the researcher is of the opinion that proper training should be given to all the Magistrates about trying the cases following the summary procedure. The training should include mock trails and writing of judgments in summary trials by the trainees.

Teaching: It Chose Me :: Reflective Writing Education Essays

Teaching: It Chose Me What inspired me to be a teacher? In the back of my mind, I think I’ve always wanted to be a teacher. Although I wasn’t always particularly fond of going to school early in my life, I always, it seemed, really liked my teachers. I didn’t like being away from home when I was in elementary school and a lot of times I would cry and want to go home, but my teachers would talk with me and help calm me down and then I would be okay for a while. Looking back, I appreciate the way they helped me through those "bad" days. I realize now teachers do more than teach -- they are role models for their young students and they can have a tremendous influence on them. Another factor that helped influence my decision to enter the teaching field is that I love children. I have always enjoyed babysitting, not just for the money, but for the enjoyment I usually have when I babysit. I think kids are such fun. In a way, I guess when I babysit, I do some of the things teachers do. I like to read books to them and ask them questions and do learning activities with them. Today’s young children are our next generation. I love to see how well they learn what you are teaching them, like when they learn to read. It is so exciting to them to be able to read! I still love to read to this day from being inspired by my elementary teachers. My teachers inspired me to be anything I wanted to be in life. I want to have an impact like that on someone’s life one day also. My road to the teaching field has taken a few curves along the way. While I had given some thought to being a teacher earlier in my life, other things began to influence me. When I was in high school, I gave serious thought to being a journalist, especially a television newscaster. I thought that would be an awesome job! You get to dress up, have your hair styled everyday and, on top of that, you would always be ‘in the know’ about what’s going on locally, statewide and nationally. Teaching: It Chose Me :: Reflective Writing Education Essays Teaching: It Chose Me What inspired me to be a teacher? In the back of my mind, I think I’ve always wanted to be a teacher. Although I wasn’t always particularly fond of going to school early in my life, I always, it seemed, really liked my teachers. I didn’t like being away from home when I was in elementary school and a lot of times I would cry and want to go home, but my teachers would talk with me and help calm me down and then I would be okay for a while. Looking back, I appreciate the way they helped me through those "bad" days. I realize now teachers do more than teach -- they are role models for their young students and they can have a tremendous influence on them. Another factor that helped influence my decision to enter the teaching field is that I love children. I have always enjoyed babysitting, not just for the money, but for the enjoyment I usually have when I babysit. I think kids are such fun. In a way, I guess when I babysit, I do some of the things teachers do. I like to read books to them and ask them questions and do learning activities with them. Today’s young children are our next generation. I love to see how well they learn what you are teaching them, like when they learn to read. It is so exciting to them to be able to read! I still love to read to this day from being inspired by my elementary teachers. My teachers inspired me to be anything I wanted to be in life. I want to have an impact like that on someone’s life one day also. My road to the teaching field has taken a few curves along the way. While I had given some thought to being a teacher earlier in my life, other things began to influence me. When I was in high school, I gave serious thought to being a journalist, especially a television newscaster. I thought that would be an awesome job! You get to dress up, have your hair styled everyday and, on top of that, you would always be ‘in the know’ about what’s going on locally, statewide and nationally.

Religion…True or False? Essay

For many people religion represents a commitment or devotion to religious faith or observance. Within this commitment encompasses a personal set or institutionalized system of religious attitudes, beliefs, practices or system of beliefs held to with ardor and reliance. In Kurt Vonnegut’s Cat’s Cradle, Vonnegut introduces a religion known as Bokononism, which epitomizes a standard foundation built upon nothing more than â€Å"foma! Lies!† (Vonnegut 191). Bokononism focuses on man’s need for a God, even though Vonnegut believes there is no such thing. He expresses his beliefs of Divine Province, while making fun of Christianity, satirizing the notion that all religions are nothing more than lies. Religion gives many people a feeling of security because they believe that a divine power watches over them and promises them salvation and either happiness or the chance to improve themselves in a life after death. Bokononism is a religion based on lies, while Christianity is a based around the life and teachings of Christ and the sacred scripture of the Bible. Hence, the question is whether or not society bases religion, mainly Christianity, upon nothing more than â€Å"foma† itself. Bokononism breathed life when first founded by a Negro man named Lionel Boyd Johnson. The name Bokonon surfaced due to the fact that it rendered to be the â€Å"pronunciation given the name Johnson in the island’s English dialect† (Vonnegut 108). Bokonon creates the religion for the people of a small Caribbean island called San Lorenzo; he then makes it a point that â€Å"he and his religion be outlawed, and that those caught practicing it [are] to be killed† (Lundquist 37) by punishment of being hanged on the dreaded hook. Such an atrocity becomes enacted so the people will be happy and totally content, for by taking part in the religion that all people on the island practice, they partake in a rebellious action and can take the focus from their horribly useless lives. The idea is for that the religion and the government to constantly oppose each other, with Bokonon the virtuous prohibit, hiding from it all. The doctrines that make up Bokononism consist of a â€Å"language itself [that] is amusing, [yet] serves to outline an approach to life that has considerable appeal† (Lundquist 37) in which assists in capturing the true essence behind the religion. Coincidentally resembling Jesus and the bible, Bokonon relies on his vast variety of language, and his Books of Bokonon. His language consists of several significant key concepts such as a karass, which is a â€Å"team [of people] that do[es] God’s will without ever discovering what they are doing† (Vonnegut 2), thus revealing that â€Å"if you find your life tangled up with somebody else’s life for no very logical reasons†, writes Bokonon, â€Å"that person may be a member of your karass† (Simons 45). In The Books of Bokonon, Bokonon mainly comprises them of calypsos and such on religion, life, and perceptions. More importantly however exists the theory of Dynamic Tension. Such a theory embodies the belief of good versus evil, and maintaining the ongoing tension between the two. To draw a parallel, is the incident of the Garden of Good and Evil within Christianity. Christianity happened to be instituted on the existence and philosophy of Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ’s life began after he was baptized by Saint John when he thirty years old. He set out with a certain ambition, being that he sought to announce that â€Å"the Kingdom of God was coming, and that it had begun to arrive even as He announced it† (Callan 2). Jesus established this ambition both verbally and physically by utilizing His phenomenon and philosophies. In addition, Jesus also preformed many miracles, in which he made reputable as to the benefit of other people not Himself. Among such miracles include: changing water into wine, walking on the sea, healing sick people, alleviating the pain of the suffering, restoring sight to the blind, and restoring to the disabled people the ability to use their limbs again (Callan 2). Overall, most Christians of society believe that Jesus portrays the bona fide savior that will, in the end, resuscitate humanity. Bokononism starts with a creation event, which mocks the Christian creation account. In Bokonon’s tale of creation God creates man and woman out of mud, rather than dust, and he concludes by allowing them to define their own purpose. While the difference between dust and mud seem insignificant, the purpose for humanity may be quite different. Bokonon tells man that his purpose in life is defined by himself, and not by God. Here on the opposite end of this, Christianity holds that every person’s purpose in life bestows to bring honor and glory to God, whether provided by preaching the good news (Gospel) or by practicing good works toward man, and letting the glory of God shine outward through them (Callan 1). Compared to Christianity, Bokononism does not specifically talk of man’s fall into sin, however, it does somewhat infer that Bokonon first preached on the folly of understanding and the hollowness of truth and human stupidity, which he ultimately won the people of San Lorenzo over with. Bokonon preached on man’s sin right from the beginning, similar to what may be depicted through the garden of Good and Evil in Christianity. â€Å"As helpful as Bokononism [was], as devoid of false pieties as it [was], as concerned as it [was] with human decency and the necessity of having a sense of purpose† (Lundquist 39) it, in the end, is nothing more then the notion of living â€Å"life by the foma that make[s] you brave and kind and healthy and happy† (Simons 39). Christianity often refers to good works as the doctrine of Sanctification (Knight 5). This doctrine begins with the understanding that man is sinful, and will be sinful until the day he dies. Regardless of what man does or tries to accomplish on earth, he will always be sinful, and will continue to fall into sin lurching ever so quickly toward eternal death and damnation (Knight 5-6). Vonnegut seems to perceive, like many, that Christians feel because they are spotless before the eyes of the Lord, that they can thus do what they please. The Holy Spirit corroborates work in a Christian’s life, and may even be responsible for the faith which breeds within a Christian. The basic principle behind sanctification is that the death of Christ, which the Holy Spirit has given faith in, is the inspiration and the power which pushes a Christian to do good works. Hence, this encompasses the doctrine of daily life, one which a Christian yearns to practice every day, and yet may be constant ly faced with a road block, the road block of sin. â€Å"Bokononism is a philosophy of flow, resisting entropy and harrowing the fixities that reduce societies to monomaniacal obsessions† (Simons 47) of harmless untruths. Bokonon â€Å"worships the human above all other values,† (Simons 45); however, at the same time relishes in the fact that the joke of â€Å"maintaining order† through the religion of Bokononism, serves as a joke being played on humanity thus revealing human stupidity. Bokononism denotes the joke on Christianity, every characteristic of Bokononism can be designed to mock Christianity in some manner or another. Bokonon insists that his own religion, which he created, is filled with lies and based on nothing else, yet all of the Island of San Lorenzo believes in Bokonon (Lundquist 135). Ultimately, â€Å"Bokononism refuses to blink at the hard truth of a reality it cannot alter, it nevertheless fictionalizes that reality† (Simons 40). Bokononists have to hide their religion, because the world hates and despises them for their beliefs. Much akin to the Bokononists, who are condemned to an oath of silence, Christians have to hide their voices and beliefs as well. Christians over time have been forced into hiding, because they are not considered â€Å"politically correct† and Bokononists have been shoved into hiding so as not to touch the â€Å"souls† of their feet, known as the art of Boko-Maru (Vonnegut 135). Simultaneously, they all enter a hiding, a hiding from the world which hates what it does not know, and what it does not know is good, and love. On the whole, Christian faith portrays the notion about seeking and knowing Jesus Christ with all facets of the human character. It corresponds to loving Him with all your heart, mind, soul and strength; therefore, certain individualistic and legitimate fallacies are flip sides of an error to the concept of Christianity. Underlying the error of the individualistic fallacy is the presumption that Jesus demands on societies lives in which can be satisfied by societies own efforts. The legitimate fallacy holds that there are possibly some set of rules of behavior which can be kept to earn a way into Jesus’ favor. Then, the next step of the fallacy can be established by insisting that, as long as society keeps Jesus’ rules and, thus, please Him, they are free in all other things to live their lives in their own way, entirely for their benefit, without further considering Him. We all look for ways to please Jesus, and avoid eternal punishment by simply keeping rules, with minimal actual contact with Him and without ever giving ourselves to Him. Nevertheless, this does not work that way, and the result of society pursuing religion in this way is usually horrendous, and furthermore is not a religion based on â€Å"foma†, or a certain principle, but based on a relationship with Jesus Christ. Prepositional Phrase Subject Verb Infinitive Phrase Adverb Clause Participial Phrase Adj. Clause -ly Adverbs Conjunctive Adverb Gerund Phrase Works Cited Callan, Terrance D. â€Å"Jesus Christ.† 31 May 2003. . Knight, Kevin. â€Å"Catholic Encyclopedia: Character of Jesus Chris.† May 31 200. . Lundquist, James. Kurt Vonnegut. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Co., 1977. Simons, John L. â€Å"Tangled Up in You: A Playful Reading of Cat’s Cradle.† Kurt Vonnegut. Ed. Harold Bloom. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 1990. Vonnegut, Kurt. Cat’s Cradle. New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc., 1963.

Essay about Addiction and the Brain - 1037 Words

Addiction and the Brain The ponderance that Brain = Behavior and the inherent ramifications of such proves no more fascinating than when addressed in the context of Addiction and the Brain. Essential to consider is: -what exactly is an addictive/abusive substance (drugs of abuse) -what brain center(s)/chemical(s)are involved -what does it mean to become physiologically dependent -how should the concept of addiction be addressed -how might we use animal models -and what sort of treatment approaches should be pursued. These questions will be elucidated briefly, while further information remains available at the web sources listed below. A drug of abuse/addiction would be one which leads to recurrent†¦show more content†¦All drugs of abuse seem to activate DA release from these two areas although each drug family tends to work via drastically different psychopharmacological mechanisms. Besides the obvious appeal of the high or elation, which occurs subsequent to drug administration, a greater influence leading to an increased dosage and necessitated use, would seem the acquisition of tolerance. There are three subtypes, pharmacokinetic/dispositional tolerance, pharmacodynamic tolerance, and behavioral tolerance which all prove relevant in the drugs of abuse, with the exception of the stimulants (cocaine, methylphenidate, etc). Pharmacokinetic tolerance refers to the changes in substance distribution due to the bodies metabolism of the drug, while pharmacodynamic tolerance addresses the adaptive changes which have taken place within the system thereby reducing the efficacy of the drug. The final, behavioral tolerance, seems perhaps at once the most confusing and most compelling. Behavioral tolerance has to do with the learned tolerance in relation to a specific situation and its environmental cues by which the body adapts and prepares itself thus minimizing the drug s effect ( 6). Thus the physiological dependence, or the need to administer the drug in order to maintain even a state of normalcy, is a direct result of these developed tolerances. It is the re-setting of the bodies homeostatic mechanisms in order to adapt for the effect ofShow MoreRelatedAddiction Is A Brain Disease Essay1119 Words   |  5 PagesLeshner and Addiction A prevailing belief in the field of addiction is that drug addiction is a â€Å"brain disease† characterized by â€Å"uncontrollable, compulsive drug craving, seeking, and use, even in the face of negative health and social consequences† (Leshner 2). In his article â€Å"Addiction Is a Brain Disease,† Alan I. 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